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Regulatory BodyArchitecture : Hindu Temple
Delhi Sultanate Architecture was a fusion of Islamic and Indian elements, reflecting the cultural diversity of the region. While Islamic elements such as arches, domes, and minarets were prominent, Indian elements such as chhatris and jharokhas were also incorporated.
Slave Dynasty Art and Architecture
The Slave dynasty or Ilbari dynasty or Mameluke dynasty remained in power from 1206 to 1290 A.D. During that period, the style of architecture came to be known as the Mameluke style of architecture.
Most of the constructions during the period were remodeling of the existing religious structures. They also started the erection of a number of monuments, example, Qutub Minar, Quwat-ul-Islam mosque, Arhai-din-ka-Jhopra, etc.
Qutub Minar
Qutub Minar is highest stone tower/ minaret in India and a five-storey buildings initiated by Qutb-ud-din Aibak and later completed by Iltutmish and Feroze Shah Tughlaq. It came to be associated with the Saint Khwaja Qutbuddin Bhaktiyar Kaki.The minar is a mix of polygonal and circular shapes. It is largely built of red and buff sandstone with some use of marble in the upper stories. The architecture of Qutub Minar is a blend of Indo-Islamic styles, reflecting the influence of both Hindu and Islamic architectural traditions.
Qutub Minar
5th Storey
In 1369, the fourth story was repaired after lightning struck the minaret. During reconstruction, Sultan Firuz Shah Tughlaq elected to reduce the size of the fourth story and then separated it into two stories. Fifth Story like the 4th is a mixture of made of marble and sandstone.
3rd , 4th and 5th Storey
The second, third, and fourth stories were erected by Sham ud-Din Iltutmish, the first Muslim sovereign to rule from Delhi. The second and third stories are also revetted with twelve semicircular and twelve flanged pilasters that are placed in alternating order. fourth Story is a mixture of made of marble and sandstone.
1st Story
The lowest story, also known as the basement story, was initiated by Qutb-ud-din Aibak was completed during the lifetime of Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad, a sultan of the Ghurid dynasty.
It is revetted with twelve semicircular and twelve flanged pilasters that are placed in alternating order.This story is separated by flanges and by storied balconies, carried on Muqarnas corbels.The story is placed on top of a low circular plinth that is inscribed with a twelve-pointed star with a semicircle placed with each of the angles between the star's points.
Inscriptions
The inscriptions on Qutb Minar are written in Arabic and in naskh, a style of Islamic calligraphy. The building is etched with verses from the Quran. It also has praise of rulers like Ghiyath al-Din as well as Muhammad of Ghor, the sultan of the Ghurids
Decorative Motifs on Balcony's
Honeycomb balcony design of Qutab Minar admire the structure and the finesse artwork of the 12th century. Decorative motifs are seen on upper levels. Bell and Chain Motif of Vedic / Hindu origin is very much notable on the walls of Qutub Minar.
Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra
Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra is a historical mosque in the city of Ajmer in Rajasthan, India. It is one of the oldest mosques in India, and the oldest surviving monument in Ajmer. Commissioned by Qutb-ud-Din-Aibak in 1192 CE and designed by Abu Bakr of Herat, the mosque is an example of early Indo-Islamic architecture.
Archway
The front facade of the structure has a huge screen with yellow limestone arches, built during the reign of Iltutmish. The main arch is about 60 feet high and is flanked by six smaller arches. The arches have small rectangular panels for daylighting, similar to those found in early Arab mosques.
Minarets
The muezzin's minarets are located in two small minarets (10.5 diameter). These minarets are located at the top of the 11.5 feet thick screen wall. The minarets are now ruined, but their remains show that they were sloping hollow minarets with 24 alternating angular and circular flutes, like the Qutb Minar of Delhi.
Interior Building Pillars
The interior of the building is a quadrangle measuring 200 × 175 feet. It contains the main hall (248 × 40 feet) supported by a cluster of pillars. The pillars have different designs and are heavily decorated with decorations similar to those in Hindu and Jain rock temples. As they rise in height, their bases enlarge and they taper.
According to K. D. L. Khan, the pillars and ceilings belong to the pre-Islamic structure, but the original carvings were destroyed by the Muslims. Michael W. Meister believes that some of the pillars were newly built by Hindu masons for their Muslim masters; these were combined with older, looted pillars (whose images had been defaced). Similarly, he states that the ceilings combine the new and old work of Hindu workers.
Inscriptions
The archway has Kufic and tughra inscriptions and Quranic quotations, and is reminiscent of the Islamic architecture of Ghazni and Turkistan. Some of the carvings have Arabic floral and foliage patterns; their geometric symmetry is reminiscent of Persian tilework. Their filigree distinguishes them from Hindu-style carvings in the same building.
Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque
The Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque, also known as the Qutub Mosque or the Great Mosque of Delhi, was commissioned by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, founder of the Mamluk or Slave dynasty and built using spolia from 27 temples. It was built near the site of a pre-demolished large temple located in the centre of a citadel.It was the first mosque built in Delhi after the Islamic conquest of India and the oldest surviving example of Ghurids architecture in Indian subcontinent
Archways
The Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque in Delhi, India has a tall screen wall with pointed archways at its western edge. This wall creates a qibla wall for the prayer spaces. The mosque also has an arched facade, called a maqṣūrah, that was built in 1198 to give the building an Islamic aspect
Inscriptions
The graceful arches, along with twisting curves and inscription of texts from the Quran, form the first indication of the Islamic character of Quwwat ul Islam mosque. Inscription at Quwwat-ul Islam mosque (in Qutub Complex) states that 27 temples were destroyed to build this mosque.
Pillars
The mosque's main hall pillars are ornate and feature Hindu motifs like Kalash, ghanti, and yakshini. This is because the mosque was built by Qutb-ud-Din Aibak using materials from destroyed Hindu and Jain temples.
Courtyard
The mosque is built on a raised and paved rectangular courtyard, measuring 141 ft (43 m) × 105 ft (32 m), surrounded by pillared cloisters added by Iltutmish between 1210 and 1220 AD. The stone screen between prayer hall and the courtyard, stood 16 mt at its highest was added in 1196 AD. Entrances to the courtyard, also uses ornate mandap dome from temples, whose pillars are used extensively throughout the edifice, and in the sanctuary beyond the tall arched screens.
Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque
The Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque, also known as the Qutub Mosque or the Great Mosque of Delhi, was commissioned by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, founder of the Mamluk or Slave dynasty and built using spolia from 27 temples. It was built near the site of a pre-demolished large temple located in the centre of a citadel.It was the first mosque built in Delhi after the Islamic conquest of India and the oldest surviving example of Ghurids architecture in Indian subcontinent
Archways
The Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque in Delhi, India has a tall screen wall with pointed archways at its western edge. This wall creates a qibla wall for the prayer spaces. The mosque also has an arched facade, called a maqṣūrah, that was built in 1198 to give the building an Islamic aspect
Inscriptions
The graceful arches, along with twisting curves and inscription of texts from the Quran, form the first indication of the Islamic character of Quwwat ul Islam mosque. Inscription at Quwwat-ul Islam mosque (in Qutub Complex) states that 27 temples were destroyed to build this mosque.
Pillars
The mosque's main hall pillars are ornate and feature Hindu motifs like Kalash, ghanti, and yakshini. This is because the mosque was built by Qutb-ud-Din Aibak using materials from destroyed Hindu and Jain temples.
Courtyard
The mosque is built on a raised and paved rectangular courtyard, measuring 141 ft (43 m) × 105 ft (32 m), surrounded by pillared cloisters added by Iltutmish between 1210 and 1220 AD. The stone screen between prayer hall and the courtyard, stood 16 mt at its highest was added in 1196 AD. Entrances to the courtyard, also uses ornate mandap dome from temples, whose pillars are used extensively throughout the edifice, and in the sanctuary beyond the tall arched screens.