NCERT Geo Class 6 Chap – 1 – Page 6
What are Asteroids ? How did Asteroids from ? Check More Info Milky Way Galaxy ? Label More Info for Detailed Regions What is a Galaxy ? What is Universe? How Big is it ? Meteor Meteoroid Meteorite Molecular Clouds Perseus Arm Orion Spur Carina–Sagittarius Arm Black Hole Galactic Bulge

What are Asteroids ?

Asteroids are rocky, airless remnants from the formation of our solar system. Most asteroids are found in the main asteroid belt, which orbits the Sun between Mars and Jupiter. Asteroids range in size from Vesta, the largest at about 329 miles (530 kilometers) in diameter, to bodies that are less than 33 feet (10 meters) across.

How did Asteroids from ?

To Understand Asteroid formation we need to understand other objects and their formation as well

About 4.6 billion years ago, a giant cloud of gas and dust collapsed.

Sun and Planetary formation: Most of the material in the cloud fell to the center and formed the sun, while some of the dust condensed into planets. This process, called accretion, continued until the material reached the size of Planets.

However, the gravity of Jupiter eventually stopped the formation of planetary bodies in this region, causing the small bodies to collide with each other and fragment into asteroids.

Milky Way Galaxy ? Label More Info for Detailed Regions

The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy that contains our solar system and billions of stars, gas, and dust.

Name: The Milky Way gets its name from the way it appears as a milky band of light in the night sky. The name comes from the Classical Latin via lactea, which is derived from the Greek galaxías κύklos, meaning "milky circle".Its called Akash Ganga because it appears in the night sky as a wide, white river, similar to the River Ganga.

⭕Additional iNFO: Nearest Galaxy to Milky Way⭕

⇒ The Andromeda galaxy is the closest large galaxy to the Milky Way, and is about 2.5 million light-years away. It is also known as Messier 31 or NGC 224. The Andromeda galaxy is a barred spiral galaxy similar to Milky Way

What is a Galaxy ?

A galaxy is a massive collection of stars, planets, gas, dust, and dark matter held together by gravity. Galaxies come in a variety of shapes and sizes, and can range from a few thousand stars to trillions.

⭕Additional iNFO: The three main types of galaxies⭕

Elliptical galaxies: These galaxies are mostly made up of old stars and are shaped like spheres or ellipsoids. They have no spiral arms and are thought to be some of the oldest galaxies in the universe.

Spiral galaxies: These galaxies are large rotating disks of stars and nebulae surrounded by a dark matter shell. They are one of the most common types of galaxies, making up about 77% of all galaxies.

Irregular galaxies: These galaxies have a chaotic appearance and lack a nuclear bulge or spiral arms. They are thought to make up about one-quarter of all galaxies. Some irregular galaxies were once elliptical or spiral galaxies that were warped by an external gravitational force.

What is Universe? How Big is it ?

The universe is all of the galaxies – billions of them! Universe is all of space and time and their contents, including planets, moons, minor planets, stars, galaxies, the contents of intergalactic space and all other forms of matter and energy

How big is the Universe?

Not all of the Universe however is currently known to us; so, we can't quantify its exact size. The observable universe is a spherical region of the universe consisting of all matter that can be observed from Earth or its space-based telescopes. The observable universe is estimated to be about 93 billion light-years in diameter

Meteor

When meteoroids enter Earth's atmosphere (or that of another planet, like Mars) at high speed and burn up, the fireballs or “shooting stars” are called meteors.

Meteoroid

meteoroid is a small rocky or metallic body in outer space. Meteoroids are distinguished as objects significantly smaller than asteroids, ranging in size from grains to objects up to a meter wide

Meteorite

When a meteoroid survives its trip through the atmosphere and hits the ground, it's called a meteorite. Meteorites are usually the size of a pebble or fist.

Molecular Clouds

Molecular clouds are the birthplace of stars and planets. The process of particles and gas coming together under gravity to form larger structures is called accretion. This process begins in molecular clouds and continues through the development of protoplanetary disks and planetary systems. 

Perseus Arm

In a map of the Milky Way, the neighboring spiral arm just beyond (Outward) the Orion Spur is known as the Perseus arm. It is one of two major spiral arms of the Milky Way galaxy.

Orion Spur

The local spiral arm of our Galaxy, also called the Orion Spur as it is a partial arm located between the larger Sagittarius Arm and Perseus Arm.

Carina–Sagittarius Arm

It is a minor spiral arm in the Milky Way galaxy. It is the closest major spiral arm inward from the Orion Spur

Black Hole

The black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy is called Sagittarius A* It's a supermassive black hole with a mass that's about four million times that of our sun.

What is a Black Hole ?

A black hole is a region in space where the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from it. They are formed when a massive star collapses in on itself at the end of its life, creating an incredibly dense object.

Galactic Bulge

As you go closer to the center of the Milky Way, the distribution of stars becomes vertically thicker. This has created a Bulge. The bulge is a dense region of stars packed together more closely than in the Solar neighborhood. It's made up of a mix of old, metal-rich stars and a large bar structure.